Linux Weekly News

For those wanting lots of grungy details about how the PipeWire system works, this blog entry from Patrick Louis should be of interest.

The session manager is the piece of software that is responsible for the policy: to find and configure devices, attach them appropriately to the graph, set and restore their properties if needed, route streams to the right device, set their volume, and more. It can create it’s own objects in the PipeWire graph related to session management such as endpoints and links between them, a sort of abstraction on top of PipeWire nodes. There are currently two implementations of the session manager: pipewire-media session and WirePlumber.

SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) 15 SP3 has been released.

With the release of SLES 15 SP3 we now have 100% binary compatibility with openSUSE Leap 15.3 (our developer platform). That means that you can smoothly move workloads from development to production environments that run SLE 15 SP3 – and back again – with assured application compatibility.

See the release notes for additional information.

Stable kernels 5.12.13, 5.10.46, and 5.4.128 have been released with the usual set of important fixes. Users should upgrade.

Note that 5.12.13 and 5.10.46 contain a fix for a significant Spectre vulnerability; stay tuned to LWN for details.

Security updates have been issued by Debian (kernel and linux-4.19), Fedora (tor), Oracle (rh-postgresql10-postgresql), Red Hat (kernel), SUSE (ansible, apache2, dovecot23, OpenEXR, ovmf, and wireshark), and Ubuntu (linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.4, linux-azure, linux-azure-5.4, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.4, linux-gke, linux-gke-5.4, linux-gkeop, linux-gkeop-5.4, linux-hwe-5.4, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-5.4, linux-raspi, linux-raspi-5.4, linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.8, linux-azure, linux-azure-5.8, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.8, linux-hwe-5.8, linux-kvm, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-5.8, linux-raspi, linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-hwe, linux-azure, linux-azure-4.15, linux-dell300x, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-4.15, linux-hwe, linux-oracle, linux-raspi2, linux-snapdragon, linux, linux-aws, linux-azure, linux-gcp, linux-oracle, linux-raspi, linux-hwe, linux-gke-5.3, linux-raspi2-5.3, linux-oem-5.10, and thunderbird).

Python 3.10 is proceeding apace; everything looks to be on track for the final release, which is expected on October 4. The beta releases started in early May, with the first of those marking the feature-freeze for this version of the language. There are a number of interesting changes that are coming with Python 3.10, including what is perhaps the "headline feature": structural pattern matching.

Security updates have been issued by Fedora (audacity), openSUSE (chromium), Oracle (glib2), SUSE (Salt and salt), and Ubuntu (apache2 and openexr).

Rocky Linux is a community enterprise operating system, created by Gregory Kurtzer, founder of the CentOS project. Rocky Linux 8.4 has been released for x86-64 and aarch64. "Sufficient testing has been performed such that we have confidence in its stability for production systems."

The kernel-development community has long had a tense relationship with companies that create and ship proprietary loadable kernel modules. In the view of many developers, such modules are a violation of the GPL and should simply be disallowed. That has never happened, though; instead, the community has pursued a policy of legal ambiguity and technical inconvenience to discourage proprietary modules. A "technical-inconvenience" patch that was merged nearly one year ago has begun to show up in stable kernel releases, leading at least one developer to complain that things have gone a little too far.

Security updates have been issued by Arch Linux (connman, go, and grub), Debian (nettle, prosody, and tor), Fedora (iaito, mingw-ilmbase, mingw-openexr, mingw-python-urllib3, mosquitto, nettle, polkit, and radare2), Mageia (puddletag, python-babel, python-eventlet, and python-pikepdf), openSUSE (htmldoc), SUSE (go1.15, go1.16, gupnp, and libgcrypt), and Ubuntu (apache2 and dovecot).

The 5.13-rc7 kernel prepatch is out for testing. "So there's not a huge number of patches in here, and most of the patches are pretty small too. A fair number of one-liners and 'few-liners'. Which is just how I like it."

For reasons that have not been disclosed on the list, the codename for this release has been changed to "Opossums on Parade".

The 5.12.12, 5.10.45, and 5.4.127 stable kernels have been released. They contain important fixes, as usual, so users should upgrade.

Memory ordering issues are, as Linus Torvalds recently observed, "the rocket science of CS". Understanding memory ordering is increasingly necessary to write scalable code, so kernel developers often find themselves having to become rocket scientists. The subtleties associated with control dependencies turn out to be an especially tricky sort of rocket. A recent discussion about how to force control dependencies to be observed shows the sorts of difficulties that arise in this area.

Security updates have been issued by Arch Linux (aspnet-runtime, aspnet-runtime-3.1, chromium, drupal, intel-ucode, nginx, opera, python-django, radare2, thefuck, and vivaldi), Debian (jetty9), Fedora (dogtag-pki and pki-core), openSUSE (htmldoc and postgresql10), Oracle (dhcp), SUSE (apache2, caribou, jetty-minimal, libxml2, postgresql12, python-PyJWT, python-rsa, python-urllib3, thunderbird, tpm2.0-tools, xstream, and xterm), and Ubuntu (grub2-signed, grub2-unsigned and libxml2).

Kernel development is not for people who lack persistence; changes can take a number of revisions and a lot of time to make it into a mainline release. Even so, the story of the Landlock security module, developed by Mickaël Salaün, seems like an extreme case; this code was merged for 5.13 after more than five years of development and 34 versions of the patch set. This sandboxing mechanism has evolved considerably since LWN covered version 3 of the patch set in 2016, so a look at what Landlock has become is warranted.

The Prossimo project has announced that it has contracted with Miguel Ojeda to work on Rust in the Linux kernel for the next year. Prossimo is a new name for the memory-safety projects being run by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG), which is the organization behind the Let's Encrypt certificate authority (CA) project. Google provided the funds to enable Ojeda to work full-time on the project starting back in April.

The Linux kernel is at the heart of the modern Internet, from servers to client devices. It’s on the front line for processing network data and other forms of input. As such, vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel can have a wide-ranging impact, putting security and privacy for people, organizations, and devices at risk. Since it’s written largely in the C language, which is not memory-safe, memory safety vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows and use-after-frees are a constant concern. By making it possible to write parts of the Linux kernel in Rust, which is memory-safe, we can entirely eliminate memory safety vulnerabilities from certain components, such as drivers.

We have previously covered another Prossimo project, which provides funding for Rustls development, as well as Ojeda's work on Rust in the kernel.

Security updates have been issued by CentOS (gnupnp and postgresql), Fedora (dino, microcode_ctl, and xen), Mageia (apache, gsoap, libgd, openssh, perl-Image-ExifTool, python-bleach, and qt4 and qtsvg5), openSUSE (chromium, containerd, docker, runc, djvulibre, htmldoc, kernel, libjpeg-turbo, libopenmpt, libxml2, spice, squid, and ucode-intel), Red Hat (dhcp and glib2), SUSE (apache2, inn, java-1_8_0-openjdk, and webkit2gtk3), and Ubuntu (nettle).

The LWN.net Weekly Edition for June 17, 2021 is available.

The specter of more events like the SolarWinds supply-chain attacks is something that concerns many in our communities—and beyond. Linux distributions provide a supply chain that obviously needs to be protected against attackers injecting malicious code into the update stream. This problem recently came up on the Fedora devel mailing list, which led to a discussion covering a few different topics. For the most part, Fedora users are protected against such attacks, which is not to say there is nothing more to be done, of course.

Stable kernels 5.12.11, 5.10.44, 5.4.126, 4.19.195, 4.14.237, 4.9.273, and 4.4.273 have been released. They all contain important fixes and users should upgrade.

Security updates have been issued by Debian (prosody, python-urllib3, and xen), Fedora (dino, dotnet3.1, dotnet5.0, and vmaf), Oracle (gupnp, kernel, and kernel-container), Red Hat (gupnp), Scientific Linux (kernel), SUSE (java-1_8_0-openjdk, kernel, snakeyaml, and xorg-x11-libX11), and Ubuntu (bluez).